- Rahul Ranjan
Relatives of a COVID-19 victim being shown the body virtually before cremation in New York City. Misha Friedman/Getty Images |
“…funerals can simultaneously articulate and configure future or
prospective memories, including afterlife journeys, spiritual regeneration, and
social continuity, through the choice of matter and things associated with the
cadaver. Indeed, the power of mortuary commemoration in past and present
societies is such that it can simultaneously draw upon multiple temporalities
and scales of memory involving both the past and the future to define death and
the dead.”[I]
Graves in Brazil (Source: Al Jazeera) |
The COVID-19, as we know is a virus that has suspended the most basic desire for human mobility. Locking down the world in different phases and forms, it has forced families to confine by separating elders from the loved ones – forming an assemblage of new conduct in which intimacy is defined by the physical distance. While different cultures express their love in different ways, all humanity secure their warmth by touch. Each member of our family, friends’ groups, and community members makes a unique form of physical gesture to articulate their degree of affinity with us. Most of us respond in a similar way to correspond with them. However, the virus has affected this conduct in the most basic desire of intimacy, which is deeply tied to touch – one that creates a range of feelings and responses is now withheld. It is withheld because the invisible virus has strung the humanity and exposed it to limits in which new ways of living has to be imagined, at least until the world secures a cure. But the problem runs deep, cutting across the shields, limiting any possibility to negotiate with the situation by simply designing a new normal. The virus is pervasive; it has invaded into most closed quarters of our living – making itself manifest in forms of acute devastation by denying the “last rites of passage” to our loved ones. Amongst others, this dimension of denial, one that bore on final departure is significant to ways in which we remember, bereave and commemorate the dead.
After the PM Boris Johnson announced the lockdown, people began standing in the long queue outside the supermarkets as shelves emptied. The following days witnessed unprecedented scenes of how busy streets in London dried up and was enveloped by a widespread eerie silence. Many animals took to the streets – London urban fox, cuckooing of birds, and ducks washing away by the walkways of the canal moved seamlessly. Giant piles of waste around the corner of every neighbourhood rose as everyone sat in their house. Something more serious was unfolding – an intense bureaucracy around the death management of disposing COVID infected deceased bodies. Under the Coronavirus Act 2020, which came into force on 26th March, the government laid out specific requirements, procedures, and provisions regarding the death certification and cremation. England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland followed specific instructions under section 15 that dealt with the death of corona patients, making the act exhaustive with 30 clauses for each country.
A 13 year old boy's funeral took place in London without his family being able to attend it (BBC) |
The
virus not only changed how we lived but also the structure that supported
everyday management of deaths – allowing new forms of the requirement for the
cremation process of COVID deceased. A series of notifications related to the
process cremation was released. Each notification starting from 23rd
March until 7th June prescribed the conduct of cremation. The virus
led to a change in “The Cremation (England and Wales) Regulation 2008” by “modernising and consolidating
all previous regulations” through the Coronavirus
Act 2020.
Source: Maxar |
It is evident that the scale of this pandemic is profound and may
leave little or no scope for evaluating the responses of the affective
dimension of the loss. But it certainly makes an impressionable change to how
we develop resilience to deaths – transforming our sensorial response of loss
to consuming reportage of death counts. It insulates the capacity to question
the medium of information and how they shape our responses to the lives of
people. At the same time, it also becomes a cursory, another template of
assessment.
Everyone around the world is drawing on their reserve of emotional resources, material capacities, and importantly, the grit to find closure from the despotic uncertainty of this time caused by an unseen enemy – the virus. This invisibility of the virus has held the humankind in the grip of an unusual emptiness, isolation, and sense of overwhelming uncertainties. In particular, it has made a remarkable shift in the way we articulate and intimacies for each other.
Source: PTI |
In the case
of the UK council regulation, it seems that the bureaucratic structure is
widely robust and often lent detailed plans of burial procedure. While, the
case of Iran as reported widely raises the impending question of death and
visibility – making a cursory observation of the details that underwent in the
process of burial beyond satellite visuals. These two examples are limited in
the scope to explain the phenomena. In the recent past, we have seen some
harrowing content related to the management of the dead bodies in India – raising
concerns about how the last rites of the deceased are tossed out with disrespect.
Each case speaks volumes about how death has become a matter of management –
far removed from grief and mourning.
Unfortunately, these cases inform a
worrying impact of the virus on societies. A Virus is transient in making our wounds
visible that run deeper. The abysmal trauma which defines the departure during
the pandemic is serious than it seems. Deaths are not glossary to a count. It
is an intimate loss of those who make our lives seen, heard, and loved. So, in
what ways can we imagine developing a “commemoration catalyst” that not only
memorialise the departure of loved ones but also offers reconciliation – a
passage to attain comfort without their touch and intimacy? In this new age of
remembering and forgetting, as Sarah Tarlow, explores in her work, we must
think of ‘gravestones as the embodiment of history and archaeology, text and
artefact, where they become both deliberately communicative and unintentionally
revealing’.[ii]
[i]
Howard Williams, ‘Death, Memory, and Material Culture:
Catalytic Commemoration and the Cremated Dead’, in The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial, ed. S.
Tarlow and L. Nilsson Stutz (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 195–208.
[ii] Sarah Tarlow, Bereavement and Commemoration: An Archaeology of
Mortality (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999). P-2
Rahul Ranjan has
his PhD in Politics and Anthropology from the School of Advanced Study,
University of London. Currently he is the Social
Media Coordinator of Human Rights Research Network and the Associate
Editor of The International Journal of Human Rights.
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